Surface+area,+temperature,+concentration,+a+catalysts,+inhibitor+and+chemical+reactions

** Hello, welcome to** our **page. Today we will talk about surface area, temperature, concentration, catalyst, inhibitors, and how they affect a chemical reaction. **
= = = How does surface area affect a chemical reaction? =

**__Within a reasonable limit surface area does not affect a chemical reaction:__** Within reasonable limits the surface area of a chemical reaction does not change. This is because the total mass of the reactants is the same weight as the product. This is simply because matter is neither created or destroyed, the atoms are just simply rearranged into a different combination. Chemical reactions are contrasted based on chemical changes, not physical changes. In this case no chemical reaction occurs. An example would be to combine iron fillings and powdered sulfur. This is a physical change because you can still separate the two into their original properties. You can separate the iron fillings from the sulfur with a magnet and the sulfur from the iron with carbon disulfide.

**__As you increase the surface area of an object you increase the reaction speed:__** The amount of contact between different reacting molecules increases the reaction speed in a chemical reaction. This means that the reaction speed can be increased by increasing the surface area. A simple way to do this is to grind up large, solid particles into smaller ones. An example would be when you burn coal. Coal burns because it contains large amounts of carbon that reacts when exposed to oxygen at high temperatures. Large chunks of coal burn very slowly, but if you grind the coal up into a powder, it burns almost as rapidly as gasoline.

= **How does temperature affect a chemical reaction?** =

__**As you increase temperature you increase the rate of a chemical reaction:**__ All chemical particles are in motion to some degree unless they are at the temperature known as absolute zero. As the temperature increases the reactants move at a faster speed. This causes the reactants to collide more often and more powerfully. This makes it easier for bonds to be broken and new bonds to form. The new bonds that are formed are the chemical reaction. For example the fuel coke (C) has a chemical reaction with carbon dioxide (CO2) when combined under heat. When combined they form carbon monoxide(CO). You would find very low amounts of carbon monoxide at room temperature because the reverse action happens at a faster rate at a lower temperature.

=** How does concentration affect a chemical reaction? **=

**__Concentration is an important factor in determining the rate at which a chemical reaction will occur:__** Concentration is a reference to the number of particles in a given volume. It is an important factor for the reaction speed when one or more reactants is in a gas form or dissolved water. Basically, concentration increases reaction speed. Concentration can be increased by additional pressure. The more pressure that is exerted, the more chemical particles you have squeezed into a smaller space. This increases the likelihood of the particles “bumping” into each other, especially when a high amount of pressure is forced onto an object with a small surface area. Say, for example, that oxygen molecules are moving through ordinary air. Now imagine that you add more oxygen into the same air. This increases the likelihood that the molecules will “bump” into other chemical particles and cause a reaction. As you increase concentration you increase the likelihood of a chemical reaction to occur.

__** The reaction rate of a chemical reaction due to concentration can be increased due to pressure: **__ Concentration can be increased by additional pressure. The more pressure that is exerted, the more chemical particles you have squeezed into a smaller space. This increases the likelihood of the particles “bumping” into each other, especially when a high amount of pressure is forced onto an object with a small surface area. for example industrial chemists use pressure and heat to increase the chemical reaction that creates ammonia when you burn nitrogen, and hydrogen gas.

=**What is a Catalyst?**= ====A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction. Catalysts act without being changed or being affected. Catalysts can be found before and after any reaction in only equal amounts. The change in the reaction is usually positive with catalysts. The function of a catalyst is to speed up the reaction but lower the energy of the other molecules. Catalysts break down and weaken bonds from other reactant molecules. This makes the other molecules less effective and catalysts don’t change at all. Catalyst do not change the amount but increase the reaction’s speed.==== =A catalysts is also an Enzyme.= ====Living cells contain catalysts called enzymes. Enzymes could act as proteins or nutrients for specific parts of the cell. Also enzymes could act as a substance that can change the chemical reaction. Some enzymes allow photosynthesis to take place. Enzymes speed up the chemical reaction within the cell. Enzymes are beneficial to living organisms in three different ways. One they allow the chemical reactions to function at a suitable temperature for the human body. Second, if needed the reaction would be turned on if not needed the reaction would be turned off. Third, the reactions function properly and there is no side symptoms. Basically enzymes are complex organic catalysts that originated in the cell.====

=There is many types of catalysts.= ====There is a large variety of types of catalysts. Catalysts are arranged by scientists by different ways. Like the reaction level, or composition of the catalysts. The three arrangements that scientists follow are homogenous, biological, and heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts dissolve in the liquid where the reaction took place. Biological catalysts are enzymes that are the same in structure, they are complex, elaborately folded proteins. They mainly function all metabolic reactions. Life could not be possible without biological catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts are made up of thin divided solids. They react mainly in a gas or liquid. Most consist of metals, and acids.==== = = =Inhibitors are the opposite of a catalyst.= ====Catalysts really never have a negative reaction, but the catalysts that do have a negative reaction are called inhibitors. Inhibitors are substances in which slow down the chemical reaction instead of speeding it up like catalysts. One type of inhibitors is Antioxidants. Antioxidants are used to prevent organic compounds to break down things like food. Antioxidants, such as spices are used to prevent unpleasant odors or tastes in food. Inhibitors can be used to prevent a chemical chain reaction by combining them with other chemical substances.==== = = =How does catalysts and inhibitors effect the rate of a chemical reaction?= ====All chemical reactions are made by the mixing of any two or more substances with each other. Every chemical reaction has a different equation for its outcome. A catalyst is a substance that when mixed with other substances it does not change itself but speeds up the chemical reaction. The catalysts makes all the other substances lees effective, it shuts them off. The opposite of a catalyst is an inhibitor. An inhibitor is a substance that slows down the chemical reaction rather than speeding it up. Inhibitors break down other substance to make them smaller.====

**Video** http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=E73FFA0F-977F-4574-8688-DC1CB551ECD9 ** Research: **

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**Rebecca**

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 * Antonio **

**Rebecca**
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